Criminal Justice System Reviewer 6
1. The person bringing the case.
A. Plaintiff B. Defendant C. Judge D. Prosecutor 2. A Minor offense and its maximum sentence usually do not exceed one year. A. Vagrancy B. Felonies C. Infractions D. Misdemeanor 3. Crimes punishable usually by fines which can be paid without even going to court. A. Vagrancy B. Felonies C. Infractions D. Misdemeanor 4. He developed the anomie theory in 1938. A. Lloyd Ohlin B. Edwin Sutherland C. Robert Merton D. Richard Cloward 5. He developed in 1934 the differential association theory. A. Lloyd Ohlin B. Edwin Sutherland C. Robert Merton D. Richard Cloward 6. This theory contends that kids in stable lower-class neighborhoods are more likely to find criminal role models who help them achieve some level of criminal success by apprenticing the kids into a variety of criminal enterprises. A. Neutralization Theory B. Differential Association Theory C. Differential Opportunity Theory D. Strain Theory 7. This Theory states that crime isn't just a function of lower classes and that both the rich and the poor can become criminals depending on whom they hang out with and what values and beliefs they learn. A. Neutralization Theory B. Differential Association C. Differential Opportunity Theory D. Strain Theory 8. This Theory points out that people who commit crime actually fluctuate back and forth between criminal conduct and law abiding conduct. A. Neutralization Theory B. Differential Association C. Differential Opportunity Theory D. Strain Theory 9. This Theory contends that most people in society share the same goals of achieving wealth and success. But some people in lower classes dont have the same opportunities that their wealthier counterparts do and as a result, they get angry when they can't achieve there goals. This frustration leads to crime. A. Neutralization Theory B. Differential Association C. Differential Opportunity Theory D. Strain Theory 10. This Theory states that criminals think about their actions, weighing the pros and cons including the risk of punishment and making decisions based on their calculations. A. Lower Class Reaction Theory B. Rational Choice Theory C. Strain Theory D. Social Disorganization Theory Answer: 1. A 2. D 3. C 4. C 5. B 6. C 7. B 8. A 9. D 10. B Notes: 1. Social Disorganization Theory - This Theory argues that more crime occurs in neighborhoods that have fraying social structures such as poor schools, vacant and vandalized buildings, a mix of commercial and residential property, changing ethnicity and high unemployment. 2. Anomie - Another word for strain. It refers to the difference between what a person aspires to do and what he can actually achieve. 3. Lower Class Reaction Theory - Holds that as kids in lower classes fail to live up to society's expectations, they reject middle-class values and develop their own value systems, being so allows them to maintain their self-esteem. 4. Richard Cloward and Lloyd Ohlin - In 1960, developed another sub-culture theory called differential opportunity theory. 5. Manor - A large country house with lands; the principal house of a landed estate. 6. Statute of Winchester - (1285) Declared that each district or hundred would be held responsible for unsolved crimes. Each man was to keep arms to take part in the Hue And Cry when necessary. 7. Tithing - Earliest type of community organized policing. Based on principles of self-help and collective responsibility. Each Tithing consisted of 10 men who were accountable for policing each other. 8. Sheriff - Supervision of the tithing was a responsibility of the sheriff, the local representative of the king. 9. The Act of Settlement of 1701 - In England, Was designed to secure the protestant succession to the throne and to strengthen the guarantees for ensuring parliamentary system of government. The act also strengthened the bill of rights (1689) which had previously established the order of succession of Mary II's heirs. One of the most important provisions of this act was the recognition that judges should hold office only during good behavior and could be removed only with the consent of the parliament. 10. Bill of Rights - A statement of fundamental rights and privileges. The bill of rights is an act of the Parliament of England whose title is " And Act Declaring The Rights and Liberties of the Subject and Settling the Succession of the Crown". It is often called the English Bill of Rights. 11. Writ of Habeas Corpus - A writ ordering a prisoner to be brought before a judge. It is a writ or legal action through which a prisoner can be released from unlawful detention. The remedy can be sought by the prisoner or by another person coming to his aid. 12. Constitution - A body of fundamental principles or established precedents according to which a state or other organization is acknowledged to be governed. 13. Magna carta - A Charter of Liberty and political rights obtained from King John of England by his rebellious Barons at Runnymede in 1215 which came to be seen as the seminal document of English constitutional practice. 14. Euthanasia - helping another person commit suicide. 15. Shaken Baby Syndrome - A situation of shaking a baby. An infants brain is so vulnerable, just one or two violent shakes can result in serious injury or even death. 16. Sodomy - Refers to forced anal or oral sex or those same acts when they're done concensyally between an adult and a juvenile. 17. Narcissistic personality Disorder - Someone with this disorder generally sees herself as very important, needs others to see her as important, and lacks the ability to experience empathy with others. 18. Anti-Social Personality Disorder - Someone with these disorder has a pattern of disregarding the rights of others that starts when she's a juvenile and progresses into adulthood. 19. Psychopath - is a predator who uses charm, manipulation, and violence to control others and achieve her own selfish needs without experiencing any guilt or remorse. 20. Pyramid Scheme - a form of investment in which each paying participant recruits two further participants with returns being given to early participants using money contributed by later ones. 21. Ponzi Scheme - a form of fraud in which belief in the success of non existent enterprise is fostered by the payment of quick returns to the first investors from money invested by later investors. 22. Fence - would buy stolen items for a huge discounts and then resell those items. 23. Embezzlement - is the act of stealing from your employer. |
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